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Pruning Lessons

I am a self-proclaimed vineyard guy. The vineyard is my religion and my temple. I call it therapy. My idea of a relaxing afternoon is spent in the vineyard pruning. Turn off the phone. Listen to nature…. And stuff.

Perhaps that is why I carry around my pruners everywhere. They are the rod and the staff of my trade. The hammer and nails…. Not only are they handy for effectively trimming a vine down to five buds per linear foot, but they can be used to tighten screws, open cans of beans, and dispatch mosquitoes. My pruners are the tool I cannot live without. For some it’s a cell phone. For me it’s a worn pair of Felco #8s.

I embark on this quest with a suitcase of clothes and my trusty pruners. Hoping that somewhere along the way I shall find a vine or rusty can of beans that needs help. I quickly find that many of the vineyards in Burgundy are already pruned. I am told this is because “the winters in France are long and most vignerons can only stand to be shut up with their wives for so long.” I am also told that “you need a license to prune” in France, but I’m skeptical. I think this is something they tell les tourists.

In the village of St. Pere near Vezelay there is a small winery near the church. The proprietaire, I call him Jean-Something because everyone here is Jean-Something-or-Other, leads us to his cave for a tasting.

We sample from old barrels. The wines are young and interesting. Then almost in passing he declares his wife needs help pruning the vineyard. She stands in the corner of the cellar holding the corkscrew. She’s wearing a skirt, leather boots, and a jean jacket, and looks like she’s dressed for May…it’s March. I have six layers of crap on, and my teeth are chattering. Despite the Burgundy sorbet pumping through my veins, I spot my chance and volunteer.

Before I know it I am careening up a dusty road to god knows where. We pass some Charolais cattle grazing in a field, and a sign for a gite down a goat path. We round a bend and drive past what looks like a cemetery for appliances and broken down Peugeots. Chickens scatter. We stop on a hill South of Vezelay, and admire the neat rows of un-pruned vines. Waiting….

I recognize the system, and set to work as my friends watch. I make a cut. I go to make another cut. Then I am told I am doing it wrong.

Jean-Something groans and stops. “My children must eat, and I must pay the bank,” he says. I am slightly amused but play along.

He begins telling me that I can only leave so many buds, and the cut must be so many millimeters this way or that. I make another cut. I ask him to explain. I make another cut. There is no explanation…only groans.

By now it becomes clear to me that if he pruned the way I do he would have been done back in December. It also becomes clear to me that if I want to grow grapes the way the French do I don’t need a license. I need to be French. Alors…I give up.

The wife in the skirt stoops down with boots, skirt, and cigarette in hand to prune the vine next to me…as only a true French man or woman could.

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The Snows of Chavignol


Driving at speeds rivaling anything at Le Mans, Michelle gesticulates wildly at the vineyards down slope of our car. While my friend and I marvel at the skill required to maintain vines on such slopes, we simultaneously find our selves grabbing for the “oh shit” handle around every turn.

It is snowing in Sancerre. Michelle says it is rare in March. I’m not convinced it ever snows the way he drives in such conditions. Lance Armstrong would have shot off the cliff at this point, but not Michelle. He is determined to explain to us everything, and show us as much as possible in as short of time possible.

FYI: Those from Ohio should also know that there is NO road salt or snow removal in France. You take your life into your hands when you saddle up in France on a snowy road or a dusty road for that matter….

We are on our way to Chavignol, an ancient village west of the Loire River, and at the base of a small valley west of Sancerre. Chavignol lends its name to an AOC (appellation d’origine contrôlée) for both wine and cheese. I promise to write more about the cheese, Crotton de Chavignol, in another essay.

Michelle is an enthusiastic and passionate Frenchman. There seems to be a lot of those in France? A retired Notaire from Sancerre, he often gets so excited to show us something new that we all forget what he was originally showing us. He is taking us to visit his friend Roger. We are first shown the woodshop, and his latest piece of furniture. Then we follow him up the snowy drive to his house, and a novel wood-burning hearth that he built and designed himself. “Very nice,” I say as I admire the oak cabinet that is older than the United States.

Finally, we get down to business. We are led to the cave full of Vicard barrels of Sauvignon Blanc. I use Vicard, a barrel maker near Cognac, France, in my cellar for Cabernet Franc. I am also informed that my English pronunciation of “Vicard” is so bad it would make Napoleon’s corpse weep. My French is not so good….

This is where it gets interesting. Roger vinifies his vineyards separately. Many Sancerre wines are blends of different vineyards. Tonight we try all the different tanks of Sauvignon, on all the different soils from 2009.

While I cannot grow Sauvignon in Ohio because it is too cold, it is one of my favorite varieties. I enjoy the complex aromatics, and the mouth filling sensations that come with this finicky white. The only thing that comes close is Seyval Blanc, and it tends to be thinner and lacking body.

Michelle leans over and asks, “ Do you like?” I am shivering, but reply with an affirmative “Oui.” Maybe even a “Oui, Oui, Oui!” The wine is wonderful. I can taste the sun of 2009. Unlike Ohio, much of France was blessed with good weather in 2009. The wine is a complex unctious record of the weather of the year, and I can tell, the last vintage was special.

With the sunny memory of Sauvignon in my mind we slowly head back out into the snowy streets of Chavignol. By now it is dark outside and Michelle pilots us expertly down the slippery hills and back across the Loire to our accommodations. I will taste hundreds of wines before the end of this expedition, but the majority will be Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. I will cherish the memory of that snowy night in Chavignol, and the amazing Sauvignon Blanc I discovered there forever.

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The Tempest in Chablis

There is a devil wind blowing in Chablis right now. It’s so cold that a cave full of bottles of Cremant de Bourgone is a warm paradise from the cold air outside. Even a cave full of ice sculptures and polar bears would seem temperate today. Here they call it the “Tempest.” A powerful cold wind that blows down across Western Europe from Russia, and today it has Chablis, France, in its chilly grip.

Chablis, Chablis, Chablis. The name conjures up 1979, and the cheap wine in a jug my friend’s parents would drink while having fondue and macramé parties. In the ensuing years the popularity of questionable white wine not even of French origin, pots of melted cheese, and handy-crafts involving bailing twine have faded into the annals of American pop culture. Unfortunately, now the real Chablis arrives to the party in a frock more associated with Ron Burgundy than with Burgundy itself.

Ironically, the mineral-rich and forcefully acidic wines of Chablis are “interesting wines.“ Made entirely from Chardonnay, the most popular varietal in the United States, it is often overlooked by American wine drinkers. For years, as a winemaker, I have resisted the temptation to make over-oaked, high alcohol, fruit cocktails with a dollop of butter that proliferate in New World wineries. The wine occultists have anointed these fat wines as good and wineries have been selling them in mass for decades now. The style at Wolf Creek and Troutman Vineyards has always been subtle. Perhaps even a little more La Chablisienne than Californian.

Chardonnays from Ohio are more similar to those of Chablis in that they tend to be lighter, lower in alcohol, and higher in acidity. Not the same by far, but similar. This makes them great with fat, rich foods. Think foi-gras, brie, and McDonalds french fries…. Something many Chards aspire for, but often fall flat on their drunken Butter Faces.

Unlike Ohio, Chablis has far more minerality, and usually less fruit both in the aroma and the palate. I would describe it like licking a brick after it’s been washed with Irish Spring. Pleasant? Maybe not, but it’s damn refreshing….

So for the past several days me and my colleagues have been zipping around the French countryside. Note: Most of the French drive like the girlfriend I didn’t marry because of her driving … stopping and tasting Chardonnay. Tasting and shivering. Real Chardonnay. Enduring freezing vineyards, cozy cellars, and the occasional tank samples from 2009. I am happy to taste the wines here. It shows that style is not always about sales, but about what the Earth gives the winemaker.

So the next time you’re out at the wine shop, pick up a bottle of Wolf Creek or Troutman Chardonnay, and compare it to a fine bottle of Chablis. You may just find a little of the Tempest from Chablis there.

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Death by cheese.

After 48 hours on French soil I have succeeded in finding my quarters, finding the restroom, and eating my weight in cheese. Don’t worry. I don’t weigh much.

I may have also told my host I have three wives and I recently sold my mother on EBAY, but my French only gets me so far. Unless we’re talking about agriculture, food, and wine I’m lost….

I’ve also learned that despite every effort by Homer J Simpson and the Republican National Committee to paint the French in a bad light they are terrific hosts. Once I get past the fact that I only understand half of what they are saying, and accept that I’m about a minute behind in comprehending everything that’s said it’s a whole lot more fun. Warm, charming, and gracious, despite the gaps, you don’t have to say much to know that you’re welcome.

Today we took a walk around Auxerre. Pronounced (O-sair) by the aboriginals, this ancient town was first built by the Romans on three hills that overlook the river Y’onne. Once the main road between Lyon and Paris, it is perhaps more famous for its twin churches or the tiny vineyard within the town itself. Auxerre is close to Chablis, but considered separate from the famous Chardonnay growing vineyards.

It is very cold here. In fact it is actually warmer in Ohio today than Chablis.

Tomorrow I will bundle up and accompany the rest of the Rotary GSE team for a professional day in the vineyards of Chablis. I hope they let me prune the vines before the wine tasting. Take it from me… it’s much harder to prune after a few glasses of wine.

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Seat cushion may be used as a flotation device.

After months of planning the wheels are finally up on the plane that will ferry us across the pond to la France. Actually, the first leg is just across lake Erie to Detroit, but we are at least in route. Detroit is French for something? Right?

It seems like only a few months ago I had the “Learn French In Your Car” tape cranked up in the cab of my vineyard tractor as I picked up the last few grape totes of harvest. Now I am a night flight away from the vineyards of France and a month of learning and sharing.

I am writing not only as the vintner of Troutman and Wolf Creek winery, but as a member of the 2010 GSE team from Rotary district 6650. Rotary is a service organization established in almost every community in the United States and abroad. For the next 25 plus days myself and four other members of the team will be staying with families, visiting new people and places, spreading good cheer, and hopefully stomping around some of the greatest vineyards of France. Then in April and May we will host four members of a French team who will travel around our district in Ohio.

Ultimately, I hope we learn something that will help us make better wine in Ohio. Stay tuned. Tomorrow we will arrive in Paris and drive to Auxerre near Chablis.

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Baby it’s cold outside…

It isn’t often that I worry about this years harvest in January, but this year is already looking grim. On January 17 Wolf Creek experienced a record low of-13.8 0 F., and Troutman Vineyards recorded a numbing -16.3 0 F . It is the lowest temperature recorded at the winery since at least 1994, and well below last years minimum of only 00F.
What does this extreme weather mean for the vineyard? As the temperature drops the cold begins to freeze and ultimately kill the buds of the vine. Luckily for wine lovers, inside of each grape bud there are three mini-buds. It’s a survival mechanism that grapes have developed over millions of years of evolution. It’s kind of like skydiving with three parachutes. If the main shoot fails there is a back-up, and then a back-up if the back-up fails.
The primary mini-bud is the largest shoot, first to start growing, and the most fruitful in each bud. This is what deploys in a normal year, and gives us a nice healthy crop like 2008. The secondary mini-bud deploys if the primary shoots is damaged, like when there’s a late spring frost. However, this second mini-bud has considerably less fruit, and thus a smaller crop than normal. If both the primary and secondary buds get zapped then the third shoot will sprout, but this rarely has any fruit. Thus, yielding no crop at all. If all the buds are damaged then the vine crashes into the ground, and plant sweet corn.
Fortunately, the entire vineyard isn’t calling for a medic quite yet. I’ve taken cuttings from each variety, and if I slice the buds just right I can make an estimate of how many buds are healthy or damaged. It destroys the buds I sample, but it gives me an idea of how to prune the vines and what to expect this year.
Sampling is indicating heavy damage on the Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, and Vidal Blanc varieties. However, other varieties including Vignoles, and Delaware look pretty normal. The biggest surprise may be Pinot Gris, which sustained only moderate damage. I expected the European varieties to sustain more damage than the more hardy American varieties.
Unfortunately, I already know this year’s crop will be small. Until the vines start growing in May I just won’t know how small the crop will be for 2009.
Until then I will cross my fingers, hope for some early tulips, and keep on bottling the wines from 2008.
Cheers
bad bud.JPG

A damaged bud.

It isn’t often that I worry about this years harvest in January, but this year is already looking grim. On January 17 Wolf Creek experienced a record low of-13.8 0 F, and Troutman Vineyards recorded a numbing -16.3 0 F. It is the lowest temperature recorded at the winery since at least 1994, and well below last years minimum of only 0F.

What does this extreme weather mean for the vineyard? As the temperature drops the cold begins to freeze and ultimately kill the buds of the vine. Luckily for wine lovers, inside of each grape bud there are three mini-buds. It’s a survival mechanism that grapes have developed over millions of years of evolution. It’s kind of like skydiving with three parachutes. If the main shoot fails there is a back-up, and then a back-up if the back-up fails.

The primary mini-bud is the largest shoot, first to start growing, and the most fruitful in each bud. This is what deploys in a normal year, and gives us a nice healthy crop like 2008. The secondary mini-bud deploys if the primary shoots is damaged, like when there’s a late spring frost. However, this second mini-bud has considerably less fruit, and thus a smaller crop than normal. If both the primary and secondary buds get zapped then the third shoot will sprout, but this rarely has any fruit. Thus, yielding no crop at all. If all the buds are damaged then the vine crashes into the ground, and plant sweet corn.

Fortunately, the entire vineyard isn’t calling for a medic quite yet. I’ve taken cuttings from each variety, and if I slice the buds just right I can make an estimate of how many buds are healthy or damaged. It destroys the buds I sample, but it gives me an idea of how to prune the vines and what to expect this year.

Sampling is indicating heavy damage on the Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, and Vidal Blanc varieties. However, other varieties including Vignoles, and Delaware look pretty normal. The biggest surprise may be Pinot Gris, which sustained only moderate damage. I expected the European varieties to sustain more damage than the more hardy American varieties.

Unfortunately, I already know this year’s crop will be small. Until the vines start growing in May I just won’t know how small the crop will be for 2009.

Until then I will cross my fingers, hope for some early tulips, and keep on bottling the wines from 2008.

Cheers

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Tulips

It is snowing at the vineyard today. The  picture of the tulip is from last year. I wanted to reinforce the idea that with  luck and a little sun there will be a thousand tulips like this at winery in a few weeks. At this point I would be happy just to see some green grass.
Right now we have started pruning the vines. We all thought the two feet of snow was slowing us down. Then it all melted and we were left with two feet of mud. Now we know what slow is.
Here’s to those tulips. Cheers.

tulip.JPG

It is snowing at the vineyard today. The picture of the tulip is from last year. I wanted to reinforce the idea that with luck and a little sun there will be a thousand tulips like this at winery in a few weeks. At this point I would be happy just to see some green grass.

Right now we have started pruning the vines. We all thought the two feet of snow was slowing us down. Then it all melted and we were left with two feet of mud. Now we know what slow is.

Here’s to those tulips. Cheers.

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